夜一、主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,定语从句
提问的这位同学，你的问题很有代表性。
首先弄清楚各个项目的本质：
1.定语从句从本质上讲相当于形容词，我们可以把它看成是一个加长版的形容词。如 a red rose=a rose which is red;又如 a smiling boy=a boy who is smiling后面的定语从句完全可以代替原词组中的形容词。所以，在比较专业的语法著作中，定语从句被称为“形容词性从句”。
2.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句属于同一个语法项目的分支——名词性从句。从性质上讲，相当于一个加长版的名词。至于说四个从句的定义划分，完全是根据名词性从句在整个大句子中所充当的角色来定义的。如
1). What his name is makes me puzzled.(主语从句)
2). I want to know what his name is.(宾语从句)
3). My question is what his name is.(表语从句)
4). My question, what his name is, makes everyone surprised.(同位语从句)
从这四个例子中不难看出，what his name is这个名词性从句在不同的语言环境中扮演的是不同的角色，充当不同的句子成分。
至于说我上面所讲的“相当于加长版的名词”，也可以举例说明：
My hometown is the place that he wants to visit.= Where I was born and brought up is the place that he wants to visit.
My school lies close to Wuhan.= Where I am study in now lies close to Wuhan.
不知道你看懂了没有。
其次，弄清楚定语从句和名词性从句的区别
1.定语从句说明的前面那个名词（先行词）的特征、状态或是补充更加细节性的信息。如
The boy who is smiling over there is my brother.(说明the boy的状态)
The boy whose father used to be a teacher does well in his study.(说明the boy的特点)
The book that I bought yesterday cost me a lot of money.(补充说明book的详细信息，以便确认是哪一本书)
2.名词性从句一般情况下不会在前面出现名词，唯一出现名词的情况是同位语从句。但是同位语从句仅仅只是对前面的名词的具体内容进行“详细的描述”
如 The fact that he is a policeman surprises us.("他是一名警察“这件事情是face的具体内容，不加上读者不会明白fact具体的细节)
The idea that we would take a trip to London made all of us very excited.(idea的具体内容是”我们将要去伦敦“这件事情，不加以说明读者不明白想法的具体内容)
这点很难懂，慢慢体会。
最后，名词性从句和定语从句的引导词是不一样的。
1.定语从句只有9个引导词指人的who, whom,指物的which,既可以指人又可以指物的还可以指代事件的that，指代”所属关系“的whose，指代时间状语的when，指代地点状语的where，指代原因状语的why，与such, know, expect, report等习惯性搭配使用的as.
2.名词性从句的引导词多的去了，可以说能够用来提问的那些疑问词全都可以用来充当引导词，另外加上两个不充当成分的引导词that, if/whether.
3.引导词的选择没有一定，根本上还是必须根据”从句中缺少的成分“来确定用什么引导词。如果缺时间状语便用when,缺地点状语就用where。但是名词性从句和定语从句引导词的选择又有很大的不同。
1） what名词性从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。常常译成“所......的”
2). which名词性从句常做主语或定语。常常翻译成"哪一个“
3). that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，原因是后面的名词性从句不缺少任何成分。
这两个语法项目讲起来相当的麻烦，我所说的也仅仅只是一些很基本的东西。如果想知道更多细节，可以发邮件给我shibinyingyulaoshi@gmail.com.
同时，建议你看一看我上传到百度文库的课件“三大从句概述”，链接如下http://wenku.baidu.com/view/d42530718e9951e79b892758.html
希望我的回答能够或多或少地帮到你。
二、英语句子成分课件ppt
英语句子成分课件ppt
英语句子成分一：主语
一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east.(名词)
He likes dancing.(代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)
Seeing is believing.(动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式)
What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
英语句子成分二：谓语
二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
英语句子成分三：表语
表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.(名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it.(代词)
Five and five is ten.(数词)
He is asleep.(形容词)
His father is in.(副词)
The picture is on the wall.(介词短语)
My watch is gone/ missing/ lost.(形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say“I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.”(不定式)
The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)
常见的.系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，
taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉)….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
英语句子成分四：宾语
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China.(名词)
He hates you.(代词)
How many do you need? We need two.(数词)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you.(动名词)
I hope to see you again.(不定式)
Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
;三、一道初中英语关于宾语从句的选择题
2010年中考英语专项训练题（一）
2010年5月20日... I don't feel very well．Mum asked me _____this morning.
A. what the matter is B. what is wrong. C. what the matter was D. what wrong was
宾语从句讲解，内含宾语从句的练习(2)-天天高中学习网
2009年11月19日... I don't feel very well. Mum asked me ______ this morning.
A.what the matter B. what is wrong C. what was the matter D. what wrong was
2010届高考英语宾语从句_课件_文档_当知网
I don't feel very well. Mum asked me ___ this morning． A. what the matter is B.
what is wrong C. what was the matter D. what wrong was
答：网上此题有两个版本。此题以前一直有争议，近年趋于一致。
当what's the matter(with you)?= What's wrong(with you)?时，一般认为主语是what, the matter=wrong是表语，the matter并不表示“物质”，在句中作表语。所以原题句第二句大多数老师认为Mum asked me what was the matter this morning.是正确的。
但也有人认为the matter表示“麻烦事”，“问题”，在what's the matter?中作主语，就象“What's your name?”一样，从句主谓语序正常。
总结：楼主这题，如果碰到，选C没错。
what was the matter, what the matter was两个选项一般不太会一起出现，如上面后两题，如真的出现，选前者比较有把握得分。
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